Bridge Pattern

A Bridge Pattern says that just "decouple the functional abstraction from the implementation so that the two can vary independently".

The Bridge Pattern is also known as Handle or Body.

Advantage of Bridge Pattern

• It enables the separation of implementation from the interface.
• It improves the extensibility.
• It allows the hiding of implementation details from the client.

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Usage of Bridge Pattern

• When you don't want a permanent binding between the functional abstraction and its implementation.
• When both the functional abstraction and its implementation need to extended using sub-classes.
• It is mostly used in those places where changes are made in the implementation does not affect the clients.

Implementation

We have a DrawAPI interface which is acting as a bridge implementer and concrete classes RedCircle, GreenCircle implementing the DrawAPI interface. Shape is an abstract class and will use object of DrawAPI. BridgePatternDemo, our demo class will use Shape class to draw different colored circle.

Step 1

Create bridge implementer interface.

DrawAPI.java

public interface DrawAPI {
   public void drawCircle(int radius, int x, int y);
}

Step 2

Create concrete bridge implementer classes implementing the DrawAPI interface.

RedCircle.java

public class RedCircle implements DrawAPI {
   @Override
   public void drawCircle(int radius, int x, int y) {
      System.out.println("Drawing Circle[ color: red, radius: " + radius + ", x: " + x + ", " + y + "]");
   }
}

GreenCircle.java

public class GreenCircle implements DrawAPI {
   @Override
   public void drawCircle(int radius, int x, int y) {
      System.out.println("Drawing Circle[ color: green, radius: " + radius + ", x: " + x + ", " + y + "]");
   }
}

Step 3

Create an abstract class Shape using the DrawAPI interface.

Shape.java

public abstract class Shape {
   protected DrawAPI drawAPI;
   
   protected Shape(DrawAPI drawAPI){
      this.drawAPI = drawAPI;
   }
   public abstract void draw(); 
}

Step 4

Create concrete class implementing the Shape interface.

Circle.java

public class Circle extends Shape {
   private int x, y, radius;

   public Circle(int x, int y, int radius, DrawAPI drawAPI) {
      super(drawAPI);
      this.x = x;  
      this.y = y;  
      this.radius = radius;
   }

   public void draw() {
      drawAPI.drawCircle(radius,x,y);
   }
}

Step 5

Use the Shape and DrawAPI classes to draw different colored circles.

BridgePatternDemo.java

public class BridgePatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Shape redCircle = new Circle(100,100, 10, new RedCircle());
      Shape greenCircle = new Circle(100,100, 10, new GreenCircle());

      redCircle.draw();
      greenCircle.draw();
   }
}

Step 6

Verify the output.

Drawing Circle[ color: red, radius: 10, x: 100, 100]
Drawing Circle[  color: green, radius: 10, x: 100, 100]