Merge sort | Recursive Java program | Improvement | Eliminate the copy to the auxiliary array


class MergeSort {
    public static void sort(int[] array) {
        // auxilary array of size O(n) used by merge process
        int[] aux = new int[array.length];
        /////////////////////////////////
        // Improvement 3 : Initialize aux only once 
        for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
            aux[i] = array[i];
        }
        //////////////////////////////
        sort(aux, array, 0, array.length-1);
    }
    
    private static void sort(int[] array, int[] aux, int low, int high) {
        if(high <= low) {
            return; // sorting not required
        }
        int mid = low + (high-low)/2;
        
        /////////////////////////
        // Improvement 3 : switch role of aux and array in each sort call
        sort(aux, array, low, mid);
        sort(aux, array, mid+1, high);
        ////////////////////////////
        merge(array, aux, low, mid, high);
    }
    
    private static void merge(int[] array, int[] aux, int low, int mid, int high) {
        ///////////////////////////
        // Removed initialize aux from here 
        //////////////////////////
        // Improvement 3 :: merge array to aux 
        int i = low; // used for first sub array 
        int j = mid+1; // used for second sub array 
        int k = low; // used for merged array 
        while(k <= high) {
            if(i > mid) {
                aux[k++] = array[j++];
            } else if(j > high) {
                aux[k++] = array[i++];
            } else if(less(array[j], array[i])) {
                aux[k++] = array[j++];
            } else {
                aux[k++] = array[i++];
            }
        }
    }
    
    private static void swap(int[] array, int i, int j) {
        int temp = array[i];
        array[i] = array[j];
        array[j] = temp;
    }
    
    private static boolean less(int key1, int key2) {
        return key1 < key2;
    }
    
    private static void display(int[] array) {
        for(int key : array) {
            System.out.print(key + " ");
        }
    }
    
	public static void main (String[] args) {
		int[] array = new int[] {11,13,7,12,16,9,24,15,2,4,6,0,20,22,5,10,3,1};
		System.out.println("Unsorted array : ");
		display(array);
		
	    sort(array);
		System.out.println("\nSorted array : ");
		display(array);
	}
}

Unsorted array : 
11 13 7 12 16 9 24 15 2 4 6 0 20 22 5 10 3 
Sorted array : 
0 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 20 22 24 

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